Kuki icyuma cyanjye cyo gukururamo CO2 gifite ubushyuhe?
Iyo dukoreshejeAkamashini gateramo umwuka wa CO2Kugira ngo turusheho guhinga uturemangingo, bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ingano y'amazi yongewemo n'ingendo y'imikurire, dufite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku bushyuhe buri muri icyo cyuma gishyushya.
Ku igerageza rikoresha utubumbe tw’amatafari dufite imiterere 96 dufite imiterere miremire, bitewe n’ingano nto y’amazi yongewe ku iriba rimwe, hari ibyago by’uko umuti w’amatafari uzumira mu gihe ushize amazi igihe kirekire kuri 37 ℃.
Ubushuhe bwinshi mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, urugero, kugera kuri 90%, bushobora kugabanya neza imyuka y'amazi, icyakora, havutse ikibazo gishya, abahanga mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'uturemangingo benshi basanze icyo cyuma gishyushya amazi cyoroshye gukora mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi, umusaruro w'ubushuhe iyo utagenzuwe, uzagenda wiyongera cyane, kugeza igihe imiterere y'uturemangingo yazanye ibyago bimwe na bimwe byo kwandura bagiteri.
None se, kuba amazi yangiritse mu cyuma gikonjesha biterwa n'ubushuhe bwinshi cyane?
Mbere na mbere, tugomba gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cy'ubushuhe,Ubushuhe bugereranyije (Ubushuhe bugereranyije, RH)ni ingano nyayo y'umwuka w'amazi uri mu kirere n'ijanisha ry'ingano y'umwuka w'amazi uri mu kirere ku bushyuhe bumwe. Bigaragazwa muri formula:
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Ijanisha ry'ubushuhe rigaragaza igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu kirere n'ubunini bushoboka.
By'umwihariko:
* 0% RH:Nta mwuka w'amazi urimo mu kirere.
* 100% RH:Umwuka wuzuyemo umwuka w'amazi kandi ntushobora kubika umwuka w'amazi mwinshi kandi hazahinduka umwuka uvanze n'amazi.
* 50% RH:Bigaragaza ko ingano y'umwuka w'amazi uri mu kirere ari kimwe cya kabiri cy'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye kuri ubwo bushyuhe. Niba ubushyuhe ari 37°C, igipimo cy'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye ni 6.27 kPa. Kubwibyo, igipimo cy'umwuka w'amazi ku bushyuhe bwa 50% ni 3.135 kPa.
Umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuyeni igitutu giterwa n'umwuka mu cyiciro cya gazi iyo amazi y'amazi n'umwuka wayo biri mu buryo bungana ku bushyuhe runaka.
By’umwihariko, iyo umwuka w’amazi n’amazi y’amazi bifatanye mu buryo bufunze (urugero, icupa rya Radobio CO2 rifunze neza), molekile z’amazi zizakomeza guhinduka kuva ku miterere y’amazi zikajya ku miterere y’umwuka (ibyuka) uko igihe kigenda gihita, mu gihe molekile z’amazi y’umwuka zizakomeza guhinduka zikajya ku miterere y’amazi (ibyuka).
Mu gihe runaka, igipimo cyo guhumeka no gushonga kw'amazi birangana, kandi igipimo cy'umwuka uri kuri icyo gihe ni igipimo cy'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye. Kirangwa no
1. uburinganire buhinduka:Iyo amazi n'umwuka w'amazi bihuye mu buryo bufunze, umwuka uhinduka n'amazi bikagera ku buringanire, umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi muri ubwo buryo ntuba ukihinduka, muri iki gihe umuvuduko ni umuvuduko wuzuye w'umwuka w'amazi.
2. Gushingira ku bushyuhe:Umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye urahinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongeye, ingufu za molekile z'amazi ziriyongera, molekile nyinshi z'amazi zishobora guhungira mu gice cya gaze, bityo umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye uriyongera. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye uragabanuka.
3. Ibiranga:Igitutu cy'amazi yuzuye ni ikintu kiranga ibintu gusa, ntabwo gishingiye ku ngano y'amazi, ahubwo gishingiye gusa ku bushyuhe.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kubara umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi yuzuye ni ikigereranyo cya Antoine:
Ku mazi, igipimo cya Antoine gifite agaciro gatandukanye ku bipimo bitandukanye by'ubushyuhe. Itsinda risanzwe ry'ibipimo bya constant ni:
* A=8.07131
* B=1730.63
* C=233.426
Iyi seti y'ibipimo bihoraho ikoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 1°C na 100°C.
Dushobora gukoresha izi constants kugira ngo tubare ko umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye kuri 37°C ari 6.27 kPa.
None se, ni amazi angahe ari mu kirere kuri dogere selisiyusi 37 (°C) mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye?
Kugira ngo tubare ingano y'umwuka wuzuye w'amazi (ubushuhe busesuye), dushobora gukoresha formula y'ikigereranyo cya Clausius-Clapeyron:
Umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye: Kuri 37°C, umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye ni 6.27 kPa.
Guhindura ubushyuhe muri Kelvin: T=37+273.15=310.15 K
Gusimbuza muri formula:
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Ibisubizo byabonetse hakoreshejwe ibarura ni hafi 44.6 g/m³.
Kuri dogere selisiyusi 37, ingano y'umwuka w'amazi (ubushuhe busesuye) mu gihe cy'amazi yuzuye ni nka garama 44.6/m³. Ibi bivuze ko buri metero kibe y'umwuka ishobora kwakira garama 44.6 z'umwuka w'amazi.
Akamashini gatanga umwuka wa CO2 kangana na litiro 180 kazajya gafata garama 8 gusa z'umwuka w'amazi.Iyo isafuriya yo gukurura ubushuhe ndetse n'imiyoboro yo gukurura yuzuyemo ibintu bitose, ubushuhe bushobora kugera ku gaciro ko hejuru, ndetse no hafi y'ubushuhe bw'amazi.
Iyo ubushuhe bugeze kuri 100%,umwuka w'amazi utangira kwiyunga. Kuri iyi ngingo, ingano y'umwuka w'amazi mu kirere igera ku gaciro ntarengwa ishobora gufata ku bushyuhe buriho ubu, ni ukuvuga ubwiyongere bw'umwuka w'amazi. Kwiyongera k'umwuka w'amazi cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bituma umwuka w'amazi wiyunga uhinduka amazi y'amazi.
Ubushyuhe bushobora kandi kubaho iyo ubushyuhe burenze 95%,ariko ibi biterwa n'ibindi bintu nk'ubushyuhe, ingano y'umwuka w'amazi mu kirere, n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibi bintu bigira ingaruka ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe:Iyo ingano y'umwuka w'amazi mu kirere yegereye kuzura, kugabanuka guke k'ubushyuhe cyangwa kwiyongera k'umwuka w'amazi bishobora gutuma habaho kuzura kw'amazi. Urugero, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe muri incubator rishobora gutuma habaho kuzura kw'amazi, bityo ubushyuhe buhamye bw'incubator buzagira ingaruka ku kuzura kw'amazi.
2. ubushyuhe bw'ubuso buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'ikigero cy'umurama:Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'aho buherereye buri hasi ugereranije n'ubushyuhe bw'ikime, umwuka w'amazi uzahinduka ibitonyanga by'amazi kuri ubwo buso, bityo ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gikonjesha buzarushaho kugira umusaruro mwiza mu gukumira ubushyuhe.
3. Ubwiyongere bw'umwuka w'amazi:Urugero, isafuriya yo gukurura ubushuhe n'ibikoresho byo gukurura birimo amazi menshi, hamwe n'icyuma gikonjesha amazi biba byiza kurushaho, iyo ingano y'amazi mu kirere kiri muri icyo gikonjesha yiyongereye cyane ku bushyuhe bw'ubu, nubwo ubushyuhe butahinduka, amazi azahinduka.
Bityo rero, icupa rya CO2 rifite uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe rishobora kubangamira ikorwa ry’ubushyuhe, ariko iyo ubushyuhe burenze 95% cyangwa bugeze ku rugero rwo hejuru, amahirwe yo kuzura kw’ubushyuhe aziyongera cyane,bityo rero, iyo duhinga uturemangingo, uretse guhitamo icupa ryiza rya CO2, tugomba kugerageza kwirinda ibyago byo kuzura kw'amazi bitewe no gushaka ubushuhe bwinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Nyakanga-2024